On the 3^rd May, the latest session of the seminar cycle “The Iberian-American Atlantic (16^th-19^th centuries)” had as its guest speaker Professor Patrícia Melo, from Universidade Federal do Amazonas, who talked about justice and the rights of the Indians aldeados in Grão-Pará during the period of the Directório dos Índios (1757-1798). The talk took place at the School of Arts and Humanities, University of Lisbon, and stimulated an extended debate that gave the audience the opportunity to discuss topics such as the mechanisms and resources used by these groups to access justice and to fight for their rights, as well as the leaderships of these groups and their role as intermediaries between the claims of these “vassal Indians” and colonial authorities.